Wearing two pairs of surgical gloves, as opposed to one pair, is considered to provide an added barrier, and further reduce the risk of cross-contamination. From a clinical perspective, double-gloving matters because:
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Sources:
1. Goldmann DA. Blood-borne pathogens and nosocomial infections. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110(2 Suppl):S21-S26.