Are you struggling to navigate the complex world of EU GMP Annex 1 guidelines?
In this insightful article, we'll delve into the intricacies of the EU GMP Annex 1 guidelines and explore how Ansell provides cutting-edge, compliant solutions to ensure your cleanroom meets and exceeds these stringent regulations.
Learn how Ansell's innovative products can revolutionize your cleanroom operations, while keeping you in line with the latest regulatory requirements.
EU GMP ANNEX 1:
ARE YOU DRESSED FOR THE PART?
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Ann Van Den Borre
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WHAT IS EU GMP ANNEX 1?
Annex 1 is a legally binding part of EU GMP (European Union Good Manufacturing Practice) that provides guidelines and information relating to the manufacture of sterile medicinal products.
The new version of EU GMP Annex 1 was published on 25th August 2022 and will be implemented one year later on 25th August 2023.
WHAT DOES ANNEX 1 COVER?
The EU GMP Annex 1 provides comprehensive guidance on the design, construction, and maintenance of facilities and equipment used in the manufacture of medicinal products. It also includes guidelines on the production process, quality control, and documentation.
Annex 1 applies to all sterile medicinal products manufactured in the European Union and the UK, as well as those manufactured elsewhere and exported into the European Union and the UK. It applies to:
- Finished products
- Active substances
- Packaging materials
- Products provided in any size and combination
- Any manufacturing processes, manufacturing technologies and manufacturing scale, where the objective is to provide a sterile product
- The design and control of facilities, equipment, systems and procedures
WHAT ARE THE BIGGEST CONTAMINATION RISKS DURING ASEPTIC PROCESSING?
Sources of contamination within a cleanroom include raw materials, packaging, equipment, fluids, tools, processes and the most significant source of contamination, people. Microorganisms are shed from hair, skin, eyes and mucus membranes1.
When people move around in controlled and sterile environment, they shed 10 times more particles than when they are sitting or at rest, hence the reason for clear guidelines on the correct controlled behaviour of personnel.
In Annex 1 Part 7.18, activities in clean areas that are not critical to the production processes should be kept to a minimum, especially when aseptic operations are in progress.
Movement of personnel should be slow, controlled and methodical to avoid excessive shedding of particles and organisms due to over-vigorous activity. Operators performing aseptic operations should adhere to aseptic technique at all times to prevent changes in air currents that may introduce air of lower quality into the critical zone. Movement adjacent to the critical zone should be restricted and the obstruction of the path of the unidirectional (first air) airflow should be avoided.
A review of airflow visualisation studies should be considered as part of the training programme.
 Sitting: |
 Walking: |
 Running |
CLEANROOM GARMENTS: MATERIAL & CONSTRUCTION
Part 7 of Annex 1 outlines the requirements needed regarding personnel numbers, behaviors, skills and protective clothing. A precise contamination control strategy needs to ensure that the personal protective equipment (PPE) they’re wearing is suitably assessed and monitored.
Outlined in the IEST-RP-CC003.4 standard - Garment system consideration for cleanrooms and other controlled environments, lists six types of non-woven fabrics for use in cleanrooms and other controlled and sterile environments, and describes each fabric as follows:
- Spunbonded or thermal bond - A non-woven fabric typically made from polypropylene in a relatively open structure. This type of non-woven fabric is more commonly used in bouffant caps, shoe covers etc. it also does not demonstrate high barrier performance.
- Flash spun - A non-woven fabric made of high-density polyethylene continuous fibres. Flash spun non-wovens have some barrier properties and are splash-resistant to water.
- Melt blown – A material made from continuous polypropylene micro fibres and used in composite structures of many types off face masks because of its high filtration efficiency and repellence. Melt blown fabric does not have adequate strength to be used alone for garments.
- Spunbonded/melt blown/spunbonded (SMS) - A laminate structure made from polypropylene continuous fibres, SMS offer barrier protection and comfort.
- Film laminate - A spunbonded layer laminated to nonporous films. Demonstrates particle, blood and chemical barrier properties but lacks air and moisture permeability.
- Microporous film laminate - A laminate made from a spunbonded layer and a microporous film for improved barrier properties. This laminate is a splash-resistant and a blood barrier. Microporous film laminate is optimal for use in surgical areas and critical environments.
When selecting garments for cleanroom use, depending on the specific application, the IEST standard recommends evaluating the fabric properties including testing for (selecting those relevant to the fabric type);
- Cleanliness and cleanability
- Electrostatic properties
- Biological properties
- Durability
- Comfort
- Opacity
- Particle filtration efficiency
- Microbial penetration
- Chemical compatibility
- Fluid resistance
Construction of cleanroom garments is another important consideration, and the IEST standard outlines recommendations for thread and seam structure. Seams for cleanroom garments should be joining seams to avoid free-air / particulate passage from the inside of the garment to the outside environment.
The IEST standard recommends for the construction of cleanroom garments that they are constructed using a bound joining seam, as shown in figure 1.
PERSONNEL: ANNEX 1, PART 7 GUIDANCE ON CLEANROOM GARMENTS, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING & DONNING PROCEDURES
As well as consideration for how the cleanroom garments are constructed and the type of material used, Annex 1 Parts 7.11 & 7.12 outline what garments to wear in each cleanliness grade and how they should be worn and donned has been outlined in Part 7.13 & 7.14. Utilizing cleanroom garments that are in compliance with industry standards offers better protection.
Protective Clothing and Quality
Annex 1 Part 7.11 states that protective clothing and its quality should be appropriate for the process and the grade of the working area. It should be worn in such a way as to protect the product from contamination. When the type of clothing chosen needs to provide the operator protection from the product, it should not compromise the protection of the product from contamination.
Cleanroom garments should be visually checked for cleanliness and integrity immediately prior to and after gowning. Gown integrity should also be checked upon exit. For sterilised garments and eye coverings, particular attention should be taken to ensure they have been subject to the sterilisation process, are within their specified hold time and that the packaging is visually inspected to ensure it is integral before use.
Reusable garments (including eye coverings) should be replaced if damage is identified, or at a set frequency that is determined during qualification studies. The qualification of garments should consider any necessary garment testing requirements, including damage to garments that may not be identified by visual inspection alone.
Limiting Shedding
Annex 1 Part 7.12 states that protective clothing should be chosen to limit shedding due to operators’ movement. This is important to minimize the risk of contamination from fibres or particles shed from the clothing.
Cleanliness Grades
A description of typical clothing required for each cleanliness grade is given below:
- Grade B (including access / interventions into grade A): appropriate garments that are dedicated for use under a sterilised suit should be worn before gowning (see paragraph 7.14). Appropriately sterilised, non-powdered, rubber or plastic gloves should be worn while donning the sterilised garments. Sterile headgear should enclose all hair (including facial hair) and where separate from the rest of the gown, it should be tucked into the neck of the sterile suit. A sterile facemask and sterile eye coverings (e.g. goggles) should be worn to cover and enclose all facial skin and prevent the shedding of droplets and particles. Appropriate sterilised footwear (e.g. overboots) should be worn. Trouser legs should be tucked inside the footwear. Garment sleeves should be tucked into a second pair of sterile gloves worn over the pair worn while donning the gown. The protective clothing should minimize shedding of fibres or particles and retain particles shed by the body. The particle shedding and the particle retention efficiencies of the garments should be assessed during the garment qualification. Garments should be packed and folded in such a way as to allow operators to don the gown without contacting the outer surface of the garment and to prevent the garment from touching the floor.
- Grade C: Hair, beards and moustaches should be covered. A single or two-piece trouser suit gathered at the wrists and with high neck and appropriately disinfected shoes or overshoes should be worn. They should minimize the shedding of fibres and particles.
- Grade D: Hair, beards and moustaches should be covered. A general protective suit and appropriately disinfected shoes or overshoes should be worn. Appropriate measures should be taken to avoid any ingress of contaminants from outside the clean area.
- Additional gowning including gloves and facemask may be required in grade C and D areas when performing activities considered to be a contamination risk as defined by the CCS.
Donning Cleanroom Garments In Specific Grade Change Rooms (Part 7.14)
Cleanroom gowning should be performed in change rooms of an appropriate cleanliness grade to ensure gown cleanliness is maintained. Outdoor clothing including socks (other than personal underwear) should not be brought into changing rooms leading directly to grade B and C areas.
Single or two-piece facility trouser suits, covering the full length of the arms and the legs, and facility socks covering the feet, should be worn before entry to change rooms for grades B and C. Facility suits and socks should not present a risk of contamination to the gowning area or processes.
ANSELL SOLUTIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE STERILE PPE PORTFOLIO FOR ANNEX 1 COMPLIANCE
Our extensive portfolio of controlled environment protection includes sterile cleanroom coveralls, gloves, goggles and facemasks to ensure you meet all the guidelines set out in Annex 1 Part 7.
